1777 New Strategy Washington troops winter camp at Morristown within ten miles of the British camped at Brunswick, New Jersey February 28, 1777 General “Gentlemen” Johnny Burgoyne “Thoughts for Conducting the War from the Side of Canada” April 1777 General Howe learns of Burgoyne’s plan Howe plans to take the rebel capitol Philadelphia King approves his plan as well, leadership in question which plan first June 1777 Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette with Europeans to help Howe’s Plan to capture Capitol August 24th General Washington Parades through Philadelphia with 11,000 troops to defend Aug 25 General Howe landed at the mouth of the Elk River in Maryland Battle of Brandywine September 11, 1777 Gen Howe Marches toward Brandywine wants one big battle to destroy Washington American Army Gen Washington has 14,000 troops Guards “all” river crossing Washington had 14,000; he lost 1200 – 1300 killed and 400 prisoners Howe had 15,006 lost 577 and 6 missing
September 16, 1777 Battle of the Clouds (Battle of the Clouds soccer fields) Orders are given both armies march onto the field, some minor cavalry engagements battle begins a huge rain storm begins Howe can capture Philadelphia, Washington can do nothing about it, Philadelphia open to the British September 21, 1777Paoli Massacre orders General Anthony Wayne and about 500 to harass British during river crossing General Lord Grey knows that the Americans do not fight properly orders his men to remove the flints from their weapons “No Flint” Americans lose 53 killed 100 wounded 71 captured rumor that “No Quarter” was declared September 23 – 26 General Cornwallis has a parade into Philadelphia(captures) October 2, 1777Battle of Germantown General Henry Knox says they can not leave the mansion in the rear “It would be like the British having a fort in the rear” Battle seen as an American victory if they had better leadership, they might have won General Howe has captured the capitol General Washington and his troops performed well at Germantown leadership is in question Britishcan not open the Delaware River to supply Philadelphia Delaware River is guarded by Fort Mercer, and Fort Mifflin American Cause is able to survive for another year because Howe and Burgoyne did not work together.
Battle of Saratoga Spring 1777 General John Burgoyne arrives in Canada plan threefold (prongs) Burgoyne goes south from Quebec Canada down the Hudson toward New York (Albany) General Barry St. Ledger leave from Montréal Mohawk River Valley Hudson River join forces with Burgoyne north of Albany General Howe would lead an army up the Hudson River (New York) attack to Albany June 17, 1777 Gen Burgoyne leaves Canada with 9,000 troops plus loyalist and Indian July 6, Captures Ft Ticonderoga early success Americans Gen Schuyler blocked all roads by chopping down large pine trees across them Flood and dam water ways Destroy bridges June 18, 1777 Gen Barry St. Ledger leaves Montreal Americans defend this river Valley with Fort Stanwix 550 Americans General Benedict Arnold reinforce additional 200 Massachusetts volunteers August 6th at the Battle of Oriskiny August 22, 1777 St. Ledger is forced to turn back to Canada General Burgoyne has no idea that two out of his three prong plan are not coming letter from General Clinton in New York to tell him that Howe is in Philadelphia July 27, 1777 Jenny McCrea Tory girl killed by British Indian Patriots use her to prove British abuse *negative effect on the British campaign Aug 16th Colonel Frederick Baume attacks Bennington Burgoyne clashed with the Americans at Freeman's Farm General Gates in charge of the Americans October 7th Americans attack Battle of Saratoga October 17, 1777 Battle of Saratoga Burgoyne was forced to surrender One quarter of the British troops in North America had been captured effects the victory had convinced European that American victory was possible General Gates took credit for this victory actual fighting credited to Benedict Arnold Americans were commanded by Horatio Gates, Benedict Arnold, and Daniel Morgan (riflemen) 19th Dec,1777, Washington set up his winter Quarter/headquarters Valley Forge Pennsylvania exception of Georgia and South Carolina Valley Forge a small village on the west bank of the Schuylkill River General Howe cancelled preparations to attack the area Winter of 1777 to 1778 Foreign Help Marquis de Lafayette (20yrs.)– French noblemen, brings his own troops to help Thaddeus Kosciusko – Polish engineer Forts/defenses Casimir Pulaski – Polish trained Calvary officer Bernardo de Galvez – governor of New Spain February 23, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustus, Baron von Steuben Prussian Baron Von Steuben train Americans to fight like European Army Bayonet and Regiment training Trains the infantry to use the bayonet
1778 Situation Report(sit rep) Saratoga American Army beats and makes a British Army leave the colonies and go back to England May 8, 1778General Henry Clinton replaces Gen. Howe as commander of all British forces takes troops from Philadelphia to New York and New York to protect the West Indies Lord Germain orders General Clinton make Southern colonies the main focus of War plans April 1778 – Britain 5th Earl of Carlisle Fredrick Howard “The Carlisle Commission” Benjamin Franklin works out a deal with France February 6, 1778. Spain France’s ally also recognizes America, declare war on Britain May 8, 1778 Congress gets news of France treaty Treaty of Amity and Commerce and a Treaty of Alliance
countrties pledge to fight until American independence is won Neither country concluding any truce with Britain without the others consent Gurantee each other's possessions in America against all other powers June 18, 1778- Fearing a blockade by French ships, British Gen. Clinton withdraws troops from Philadelphia Americans then re-occupy Philadelphia June 19, 1778- Washington sends troops from Valley Forge to intercept Gen. Clinton June 28, 1778 The Battle of MonmouthCourthouse first time, the American Army from Valley Forge on the battlefield Washingtoon has him court-martialed for his actions First change for disobedience of orders, in not attacking the enemy on the 28th of June, agreeable to repeated instructions. "Lastly he was charged with"disrespect to the Commander -in-Chief in the two letters dated of 1st of July Lee was found guilty andd suspended from commander for one year Summer 1778, settled into a stalemate around New York French Help July-August, Charles Hector, Comte d'Estaing and French fleet participate with General John Sullivan(on small ship tells washinton that he is going to attack rhodeisland assault on Newport, Rhode Island `Clinton re-enforces British troops, French withdraw Sullivan gets slaves to fight for him even though it is illegal in Rhode Island, Tryed to get free black slaves to fight because they are very brave fighters July 10, 1778- France declares war against Britain War in the South – by 1778 British main battle plan Better terrain Weather larger percentage of loyalist in population can also fight year round-never have to order winter camp Clinton delayed and then finnally started Americans came upon the British Georgia is just taking now we have 12 colonies May 9, 1779 many of the wooden houses in Charleston were set on fire South Carolinas falls Commander Lincoln surrender May 10, 1779- British troops burn Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia June 16, 1779- Spain declares war on England, does not make an alliance with America Aug 14, 1779- A peace plan is approved and made by Congress-Count de Grasse 29 ships 3000 troops Chesapeake rivers stipulates independence complete British evacuation of America free navigation on the Mississippi River Sept 3 - Oct 28 - Americans defeated the British at the Savanah Sept 23, 1779 - coast of England, John Paul Jones0messenger or steel supply ships for navy and ideals that we should take the war to England ( change names from John Paul to John Paul Jones when he get to America) dights a British frigate
British demand his surrender Jones responds, "I have not yet begun to fight!" John captures the Frigate from when one of his officers shoots the other officer and then the British surrender Dec 26, 1779-British, Gen. Clinton from New York TO North Carolina May 6, 1780 - British capture Fort Moultrie at Charleston, South Carolina- Fort Multry May 12, 1780- worst American defeat of the Other colonies and surrenders June 11, 1780- Massachusetts constitution approved asserting "all men are born free and equal" June 13, 1780 - Gen. Horatio Gates-commisioned(congress) to command Southern Army-Continental congree ignores Washington Aug 3, 1780 - 6000 French soldiers under Count de Rochambeau arrive at Newport, Rhode Island-captures Rhode Island Captured because of unprotected Colony Aug 16, 1780- Americans in forces in S.C. under Gen. Gates-Granny Gates are defeated by Gen. Cornwallis Gen Clinton returns to NY leaves Cornwallis in command Gen. Clinton returns to NY leaves Cornwallis in command Sept 5 fights Eng fleet Sept 23, 1780- British Major in civilian clothing Arrested found to be carrying plans indicating Benedict Arnold intends to surrender West Point Arnold hears of the spy's capture and flees West Point to the British ship Vulture on the Hudson Sept 28 Count de Rochambeav 6000 troops G. Washington 8,000 Oct 7, 1780– Battle of King’s Mountain( torrie Legion (Roman Legion))Crawl up mountain and defeats the group Americans capture his reinforcements, Loyalist force (1000) Swamp Fox amecox Gen. Cornwallis abandons his invasion of North Carolina Nathaniel sotuthern army "we get beaten then rise again get beat rise again get beat then rise again Oct 14, 1780- Gen. Nathanael Greene, named new commander of the Southern Army begins a strategy of rallying popular support and wearing down the British Gen. Cornwallis chase through the back woods of South Carolina into North Carolina British, low on supplies, are forced to steal from Americans Oct 17, 1780- Cornwallis surrenders Jan 17, 1781- An American victory at Cowpens, South Carolina Gen. Daniel Morgan defeats British Gen. Tarleton (Tariltons quater do not accept prisoners)-American cavalry led by William Washington G.W.'s second cousin York town is where we win the Revolutionary War Parliament calls to end war Feb 27 1782 Commons votes March 15, 1781- Gen. Cornwallis The Battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina Cornwallis abandons plans to conquer the Carolinas begins a campaign to conquer Virginia(7500) May 21, 1781- Gen Washington and French Gen. Rochambou( attacks New York with Washington) June 10, 1781 -Americans troops under Marquis de Lafayette, Gen. Antohny Wayne and Baron von Steuben June 11, 1781- Congress appoints a Peace Commission -power to nagotiate to make peace with England Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay and Henry Laurens( ex president of the congress-Count) Aug 1, 1781- Gen. Cornwallis and his 7,000 tired soldiers arrive at Yorktown, Virginia Aug 14, 1781 - Gen. Washington changes plans( abandons the NYC attack) French admiral comes out of the carribean stealing from people Count de Grasse 29-ship French fleet(3000)soilders is in Chesapeake Bay Aug 30, 1781- Count de Grasse's French fleet arrives off Yorktown, Virginia De Grasse then lands troops links with Lafayette's troops to cut Cornwallis Sept 1, 1781 - Washingtom and Rochambeau arrive at Philadelphia Sept 5-8, 1781-Off Yorktown, naval battle between the French fleet and British fleet French fleet in control of the Chesapeake off from retreat Sept 14-24, 1781 - De Grasse transports the armies of Washington and Rochambeau to Yorktown Sept 28, 1781- Gen. Washington, with a combined Allied army of 17,000 begins the siege of Yorktown( english strongest army losses army because of the retreat Oct 17, 1781 - British send out a flag of truce. Gen. Washington and Gen. Cornwallis terms of surrender-Cornwallis does a night time bayonet charge English Parliament, calls to bring this long costly war to an end Nov 5, 1781 John Parke(Jacky). Washingtons stepson, dies of camp fever at Yorktown-Surrneders fort Nessceity on july 4th( day george is sad:P) Jan 1, 1782 - Loyalists begin leaving America( Nova Scotia and New Brunswisk)
Feb 27, 1782- English House of Commons votes against further war in America March 5, 1782- Parliament empowers the King to negotiate peace with the United States March 20th, 1782 - British Prime Minister, Lord North resigns April 4, 1782- Sir Guy Carleton becomes the new commander of British forces new British policy of ending hostilities and withdraw April 12, 1782- Peace talks begin in Paris April 19th, 1782 - Dutch recognizes USA negotiated by John Adams Nov 30, 1782- preliminary peace treaty is signed in Paris includes recognition of American independence boundaries of the United States British withdrawal from America Peace plan is approved and made by Congress stipulates independence British evacutation Free navigation Dec 15, 1782- France, object the signing of the peace treaty in Paris France treaty Treaty of Amity and Commerce and a treaty of allliance Countries pledge to fight until American independence is won Countries pledge to fight Jan 20, 1783 - England signs preliminary treaty with France and Spain Feb 4, 1783- England officially declares an end to hostilities in America April 11, 1783-Congress declares an end to the Revolutionary War June 13, 1783 - Continental army dispands (the other part of the army says its nice to go home but I want to get paid. Value wise they get paid 1$ after wwar July 8, 1783- The Supreme Court of Massachusetts abolishes slavery in that state Sept 3, 1783- The Treaty of Paris is signed by the United States and Great Britain Oct 7, 1783- Virginia, the House of Burgesses grants freedom to slaves who served in Army Dec 23, 1783- Annapolis, George Washington, commander in chief appears before Congress voluntarily resigns his commission Indians in the War Eastern Seaboard European style army vs. army Inland, French and Indian style fighting and battles civil war neighbor vs. neighbor Battle of Wyoming Pennsylvania July 3, 1778, 300 patriots under Col. Zebulon Butler British General inland was Henry Hamilton (the Hair Buyer) July 4, George Rogers Clark defeats the British and captures Kaskaskia Daniel Boone also becomes well known (famous) February 25, 1779 Congress directs Washington to respond to British, Indian, and loyalist on frontier Washington sends out an expedition under command of Gen John Sullivan orders to destroy – “wipe out tribal towns” Washington sends General John Sullivan "to wipe out all Native towns" African Americans in the War Continental Congress refuses to allow African Americans to serve in the American force British say freedom to any that serve the King hope to have slave revolts and ruin the economy Washington changes Congresses order to all free African Americans may join service of 1yr. escaped slaves would be given freedom Declaration says “All Men are Created Equal” if America wins slavery would end During and after the war Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania outlaw slavery (Britain outlaws slavery on June 12th 1833)-27 years befroe American starts civil war War at Sea Washington named commander of the army, pays his own money for first Navy ship Every colony pays money to have their own navy to protect major port cities John Adams is known as the Father of the Navy 8/11/1775 Navel committee approved by Congress member are John Adams, silas Deane , John Langdon 1777 The Royal navy has 89 Major ships of the line or 2,576 cannons Continental Navy has 14 Frigates with 332 cannon-) frigates survive America’s navy made up of Privateers, Naval Militias, and the Continental Navy Privateers are pirates that are given authority by a specific nation-legal pirates for America Each colony had a Naval Militia Local ship owners would defend the major colonial ports Continental Navy 14 Fast Frigates Bonne Homme Richard commanded by John Paul Jones and the HMS Serapis HMS Jersey, Floating Hell The HMS Jersey was also known as the Ship of Martyrs HUNG-Oldest British vessel as a prison-The British in charge(prison ships) advantage-of the situation HUNG-David Sproat is the British Naval commissary in charge of Naval expenditures HUNG-Joshua Loring is the Commissary of Prisoners, he keeps track of expenses for prisoners his wife is having an affair with General William Howe during his time in New York Capt William Cunningham is the Provost Marshall of The New York area - IN charge of inspecting expenses and treatment*<( prison) These three men are know to be “Feeding the Dead, and Starving the Living” -All three are hung in Britain after the war for War Crimes -More American Dies on ship than all battle death's April 15, 1783 Treaty of Paris ratified - cause the next war Under The Treaty of Paris Borders of America are Atlantic to Mississippi and Canada to Florida Also each country will pay the other for losses America will pay loyalist for lost property - the americans pay for loyalist property thats ruin British will withdraw from 13 colonies John Jay dealing with Spain who has increased size and control of New Spain (Florida back to Spain) John Adams in Holland looking for money and trade agreements Ben Franklin _ Alot of things on the treaty is not reached Loyalist leave America Loaylist floods Canada well go there This makes Canada more loyal to Britain; this will be a cause of the War of 1812\ At this point the spanish empire is falling( extremely inportant) THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia
Washington troops winter camp at Morristown
within ten miles of the British camped at Brunswick, New Jersey
February 28, 1777 General “Gentlemen” Johnny Burgoyne
“Thoughts for Conducting the War from the Side of Canada”
April 1777 General Howe learns of Burgoyne’s plan
Howe plans to take the rebel capitol Philadelphia
King approves his plan as well, leadership in question which plan first
June 1777 Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette with Europeans to help
Howe’s Plan to capture Capitol
August 24th General Washington Parades through Philadelphia with 11,000 troops to defend
Aug 25 General Howe landed at the mouth of the Elk River in Maryland
Battle of Brandywine
September 11, 1777 Gen Howe Marches toward Brandywine
wants one big battle to destroy Washington
American Army Gen Washington has 14,000 troops
Guards “all” river crossing
Washington had 14,000; he lost 1200 – 1300 killed and 400 prisoners
Howe had 15,006 lost 577 and 6 missing
September 16, 1777 Battle of the Clouds (Battle of the Clouds soccer fields)
Orders are given both armies march onto the field, some minor cavalry engagements
battle begins a huge rain storm begins
Howe can capture Philadelphia, Washington can do nothing about it, Philadelphia open to the British
September 21, 1777 Paoli Massacre
orders General Anthony Wayne and about 500 to harass British during river crossing
General Lord Grey knows that the Americans do not fight properly
orders his men to remove the flints from their weapons “No Flint”
Americans lose 53 killed 100 wounded 71 captured
rumor that “No Quarter” was declared
September 23 – 26 General Cornwallis has a parade into Philadelphia(captures)
October 2, 1777 Battle of Germantown
General Henry Knox says they can not leave the mansion in the rear
“It would be like the British having a fort in the rear”
Battle seen as an American victory if they had better leadership, they might have won
General Howe has captured the capitol
General Washington and his troops performed well at Germantown
leadership is in question
British can not open the Delaware River to supply Philadelphia
Delaware River is guarded by Fort Mercer, and Fort Mifflin
American Cause is able to survive for another year because Howe and Burgoyne did not work together.
Battle of Saratoga
Spring 1777 General John Burgoyne arrives in Canada
plan threefold (prongs)
Burgoyne goes south from Quebec Canada
down the Hudson toward New York (Albany)
General Barry St. Ledger leave from Montréal
Mohawk River Valley
Hudson River join forces with Burgoyne north of Albany
General Howe would lead an army up the Hudson River (New York)
attack to Albany
June 17, 1777 Gen Burgoyne leaves Canada with 9,000 troops plus loyalist and Indian
July 6, Captures Ft Ticonderoga early success
Americans Gen Schuyler
blocked all roads by chopping down large pine trees across them
Flood and dam water ways
Destroy bridges
June 18, 1777 Gen Barry St. Ledger leaves Montreal
Americans defend this river Valley with Fort Stanwix
550 Americans
General Benedict Arnold reinforce additional 200 Massachusetts volunteers
August 6th at the Battle of Oriskiny
August 22, 1777 St. Ledger is forced to turn back to Canada
General Burgoyne has no idea that two out of his three prong plan are not coming
letter from General Clinton in New York to tell him that Howe is in Philadelphia
July 27, 1777 Jenny McCrea Tory girl killed by British Indian
Patriots use her to prove British abuse
*negative effect on the British campaign
Aug 16th Colonel Frederick Baume attacks Bennington
Burgoyne clashed with the Americans at Freeman's Farm
General Gates in charge of the Americans
October 7th Americans attack Battle of Saratoga
October 17, 1777 Battle of Saratoga
Burgoyne was forced to surrender
One quarter of the British troops in North America had been captured
effects the victory had convinced European that American victory was possible
General Gates took credit for this victory
actual fighting credited to Benedict Arnold
Americans were commanded by Horatio Gates, Benedict Arnold, and Daniel Morgan (riflemen)
19th Dec,1777, Washington set up his winter Quarter/headquarters
Valley Forge Pennsylvania
exception of Georgia and South Carolina
Valley Forge a small village on the west bank of the Schuylkill River
General Howe cancelled preparations to attack the area
Winter of 1777 to 1778 Foreign Help
Marquis de Lafayette (20yrs.)– French noblemen, brings his own troops to help
Thaddeus Kosciusko – Polish engineer Forts/defenses
Casimir Pulaski – Polish trained Calvary officer
Bernardo de Galvez – governor of New Spain
February 23, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustus, Baron von Steuben Prussian
Baron Von Steuben
train Americans to fight like European Army
Bayonet and Regiment training Trains the infantry to use the bayonet
1778
Situation Report (sit rep)
Saratoga American Army beats and makes a British Army leave the colonies and go back to England
May 8, 1778 General Henry Clinton replaces Gen. Howe as commander of all British forces
takes troops from Philadelphia to New York
and New York to protect the West Indies
Lord Germain orders General Clinton make Southern colonies the main focus of War plans
April 1778 – Britain 5th Earl of Carlisle Fredrick Howard “The Carlisle Commission”
Benjamin Franklin works out a deal with France February 6, 1778.
Spain France’s ally also recognizes America, declare war on Britain
May 8, 1778 Congress gets news of France treaty
Treaty of Amity and Commerce and a Treaty of Alliance
countrties pledge to fight until American independence is won
Neither country concluding any truce with Britain without the others consent
Gurantee each other's possessions in America against all other powers
June 18, 1778 - Fearing a blockade by French ships, British Gen. Clinton withdraws troops from Philadelphia
Americans then re-occupy Philadelphia
June 19, 1778 - Washington sends troops from Valley Forge to intercept Gen. Clinton
June 28, 1778 The Battle of Monmouth Courthouse
first time, the American Army from Valley Forge on the battlefield
Washingtoon has him court-martialed for his actions
First change for disobedience of orders, in not attacking the enemy on the 28th of June, agreeable to repeated instructions.
"Lastly he was charged with"disrespect to the Commander -in-Chief in the two letters dated of 1st of July
Lee was found guilty andd suspended from commander for one year
Summer 1778, settled into a stalemate around New York
French Help
July-August, Charles Hector, Comte d'Estaing and French fleet participate with General John Sullivan(on small ship tells washinton that he is going to attack rhodeisland
assault on Newport, Rhode Island
`Clinton re-enforces British troops, French withdraw
Sullivan gets slaves to fight for him even though it is illegal in Rhode Island, Tryed to get free black slaves to fight because they are very brave fighters
July 10, 1778 - France declares war against Britain
War in the South – by 1778 British main battle plan
Better terrain
Weather
larger percentage of loyalist in population
can also fight year round-never have to order winter camp
Clinton delayed and then finnally started
Americans came upon the British
Georgia is just taking now we have 12 colonies
May 9, 1779 many of the wooden houses in Charleston were set on fire
South Carolinas falls
Commander Lincoln surrender
May 10, 1779- British troops burn Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia
June 16, 1779 - Spain declares war on England, does not make an alliance with America
Aug 14, 1779 - A peace plan is approved and made by Congress-Count de Grasse 29 ships 3000 troops Chesapeake rivers
stipulates independence
complete British evacuation of America
free navigation on the Mississippi River
Sept 3 - Oct 28 - Americans defeated the British at the Savanah
Sept 23, 1779 - coast of England, John Paul Jones0messenger or steel supply ships for navy and ideals that we should take the war to England ( change names from John Paul to John Paul Jones when he get to America) dights a British frigate
British demand his surrender
Jones responds, "I have not yet begun to fight!"
John captures the Frigate from when one of his officers shoots the other officer and then the British surrender
Dec 26, 1779-British, Gen. Clinton from New York TO North Carolina
May 6, 1780 - British capture Fort Moultrie at Charleston, South Carolina- Fort Multry
May 12, 1780- worst American defeat of the Other colonies and surrenders
June 11, 1780 - Massachusetts constitution approved asserting "all men are born free and equal"
June 13, 1780 - Gen. Horatio Gates-commisioned(congress) to command Southern Army-Continental congree ignores Washington
Aug 3, 1780 - 6000 French soldiers under Count de Rochambeau arrive at Newport, Rhode Island-captures Rhode Island Captured because of unprotected Colony
Aug 16, 1780 - Americans in forces in S.C. under Gen. Gates-Granny Gates are defeated by Gen. Cornwallis
Gen Clinton returns to NY leaves Cornwallis in command
Gen. Clinton returns to NY leaves Cornwallis in command
Sept 5 fights Eng fleet
Sept 23, 1780 - British Major in civilian clothing Arrested
found to be carrying plans indicating Benedict Arnold intends to surrender West Point
Arnold hears of the spy's capture and flees West Point to the British ship Vulture on the Hudson
Sept 28 Count de Rochambeav 6000 troops G. Washington 8,000
Oct 7, 1780 – Battle of King’s Mountain( torrie Legion (Roman Legion))Crawl up mountain and defeats the group Americans capture his reinforcements, Loyalist force (1000)
Swamp Fox amecox
Gen. Cornwallis abandons his invasion of North Carolina
Nathaniel sotuthern army "we get beaten then rise again get beat rise again get beat then rise again
Oct 14, 1780 - Gen. Nathanael Greene, named new commander of the Southern Army
begins a strategy of rallying popular support and wearing down the British
Gen. Cornwallis chase through the back woods of South Carolina into North Carolina
British, low on supplies, are forced to steal from Americans
Oct 17, 1780- Cornwallis surrenders
Jan 17, 1781 - An American victory at Cowpens, South Carolina
Gen. Daniel Morgan defeats British Gen. Tarleton
(Tariltons quater do not accept prisoners)-American cavalry led by William Washington G.W.'s second cousin
York town is where we win the Revolutionary War
Parliament calls to end war Feb 27 1782 Commons votes
March 15, 1781 - Gen. Cornwallis The Battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina
Cornwallis abandons plans to conquer the Carolinas begins a campaign to conquer Virginia(7500)
May 21, 1781- Gen Washington and French Gen. Rochambou( attacks New York with Washington)
June 10, 1781 - Americans troops under Marquis de Lafayette, Gen. Antohny Wayne and Baron von Steuben
June 11, 1781 - Congress appoints a Peace Commission -power to nagotiate to make peace with England
Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay and Henry Laurens( ex president of the congress-Count)
Aug 1, 1781 - Gen. Cornwallis and his 7,000 tired soldiers arrive at Yorktown, Virginia
Aug 14, 1781 - Gen. Washington changes plans( abandons the NYC attack)
French admiral comes out of the carribean stealing from people Count de Grasse
29-ship French fleet(3000)soilders is in Chesapeake Bay
Aug 30, 1781 - Count de Grasse's French fleet arrives off Yorktown, Virginia
De Grasse then lands troops links with Lafayette's troops to cut Cornwallis
Sept 1, 1781 - Washingtom and Rochambeau arrive at Philadelphia
Sept 5-8, 1781 - Off Yorktown, naval battle between the French fleet and British fleet
French fleet in control of the Chesapeake off from retreat
Sept 14-24, 1781 - De Grasse transports the armies of Washington and Rochambeau to Yorktown
Sept 28, 1781 - Gen. Washington, with a combined Allied army of 17,000 begins the siege of Yorktown( english strongest army losses army because of the retreat
Oct 17, 1781 - British send out a flag of truce. Gen. Washington and Gen. Cornwallis terms of surrender-Cornwallis does a night time bayonet charge
English Parliament, calls to bring this long costly war to an end
Nov 5, 1781 John Parke(Jacky). Washingtons stepson, dies of camp fever at Yorktown-Surrneders fort Nessceity on july 4th( day george is sad:P)
Jan 1, 1782 - Loyalists begin leaving America( Nova Scotia and New Brunswisk)
Feb 27, 1782 - English House of Commons votes against further war in America
March 5, 1782 - Parliament empowers the King to negotiate peace with the United States
March 20th, 1782 - British Prime Minister, Lord North resigns
April 4, 1782 - Sir Guy Carleton becomes the new commander of British forces
new British policy of ending hostilities and withdraw
April 12, 1782 - Peace talks begin in Paris
April 19th, 1782 - Dutch recognizes USA negotiated by John Adams
Nov 30, 1782 - preliminary peace treaty is signed in Paris
includes recognition of American independence
boundaries of the United States
British withdrawal from America
Peace plan is approved and made by Congress
stipulates independence
British evacutation
Free navigation
Dec 15, 1782 - France, object the signing of the peace treaty in Paris
France treaty
Treaty of Amity and Commerce and a treaty of allliance
Countries pledge to fight until American independence is won
Countries pledge to fight
Jan 20, 1783 - England signs preliminary treaty with France and Spain
Feb 4, 1783 - England officially declares an end to hostilities in America
April 11, 1783 - Congress declares an end to the Revolutionary War
June 13, 1783 - Continental army dispands (the other part of the army says its nice to go home but I want to get paid. Value wise they get paid 1$ after wwar
July 8, 1783 - The Supreme Court of Massachusetts abolishes slavery in that state
Sept 3, 1783 - The Treaty of Paris is signed by the United States and Great Britain
Oct 7, 1783 - Virginia, the House of Burgesses grants freedom to slaves who served in Army
Dec 23, 1783 - Annapolis, George Washington, commander in chief appears before Congress
voluntarily resigns his commission
Indians in the War
Eastern Seaboard European style army vs. army
Inland, French and Indian style fighting and battles
civil war neighbor vs. neighbor
Battle of Wyoming Pennsylvania
July 3, 1778, 300 patriots under Col. Zebulon Butler
British General inland was Henry Hamilton (the Hair Buyer)
July 4, George Rogers Clark defeats the British and captures Kaskaskia
Daniel Boone also becomes well known (famous)
February 25, 1779 Congress directs Washington to respond to British, Indian, and loyalist on frontier
Washington sends out an expedition under command of Gen John Sullivan
orders to destroy – “wipe out tribal towns”
Washington sends General John Sullivan "to wipe out all Native towns"
African Americans in the War
Continental Congress refuses to allow African Americans to serve in the American force
British say freedom to any that serve the King
hope to have slave revolts and ruin the economy
Washington changes Congresses order
to all free African Americans may join
service of 1yr. escaped slaves would be given freedom
Declaration says “All Men are Created Equal” if America wins slavery would end
During and after the war Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania outlaw slavery
(Britain outlaws slavery on June 12th 1833)-27 years befroe American starts civil war
War at Sea
Washington named commander of the army, pays his own money for first Navy ship
Every colony pays money to have their own navy to protect major port cities
John Adams is known as the Father of the Navy
8/11/1775 Navel committee approved by Congress
member are John Adams, silas Deane , John Langdon
1777 The Royal navy has 89 Major ships of the line or 2,576 cannons
Continental Navy has 14 Frigates with 332 cannon-) frigates survive
America’s navy made up of Privateers, Naval Militias, and the Continental Navy
Privateers are pirates that are given authority by a specific nation-legal pirates for America
Each colony had a Naval Militia
Local ship owners would defend the major colonial ports
Continental Navy 14 Fast Frigates
Bonne Homme Richard commanded by John Paul Jones and the HMS Serapis
HMS Jersey, Floating Hell
The HMS Jersey was also known as the Ship of Martyrs
HUNG-Oldest British vessel as a prison-The British in charge(prison ships) advantage-of the situation
HUNG-David Sproat is the British Naval commissary in charge of Naval expenditures
HUNG-Joshua Loring is the Commissary of Prisoners, he keeps track of expenses for prisoners
his wife is having an affair with General William Howe during his time in New York
Capt William Cunningham is the Provost Marshall of The New York area
- IN charge of inspecting expenses and treatment*<( prison)
These three men are know to be “Feeding the Dead, and Starving the Living”
-All three are hung in Britain after the war for War Crimes
-More American Dies on ship than all battle death's
April 15, 1783 Treaty of Paris ratified - cause the next war
Under The Treaty of Paris
Borders of America are Atlantic to Mississippi and Canada to Florida
Also each country will pay the other for losses
America will pay loyalist for lost property - the americans pay for loyalist property thats ruin
British will withdraw from 13 colonies
John Jay dealing with Spain who has increased size and control of New Spain (Florida back to Spain)
John Adams in Holland looking for money and trade agreements
Ben Franklin
_ Alot of things on the treaty is not reached
Loyalist leave America
Loaylist floods Canada well go there
This makes Canada more loyal to Britain; this will be a cause of the War of 1812\
At this point the spanish empire is falling( extremely inportant)
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA